Nano-immunoengineering of CAR-T cell therapy against tumor microenvironment: The way forward in combating cancer
Muhammad Babar Khawar,
Ali Afzal,
Muddasir Hassan Abbasi,
Nadeem Sheikh,
Haibo Sun
Affiliations
Muhammad Babar Khawar
Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China; Applied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan; Corresponding author at: Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China; Applied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan.
Ali Afzal
Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences & Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Muddasir Hassan Abbasi
Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
Nadeem Sheikh
Cell & Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Haibo Sun
Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China; Corresponding author at: Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell treatment is an emerging subject following its curative response in hematological metastasis. However, solid tumors present a number of obstructions which have been a bull's eye to steer the CARs toward another victory in solid tumor microenvironment (TME). To combat against solid tumors, the construction, transfection and delivery of CARs is obliged to nano-engineering for better results and success in clinical trials. Herein, in this minireview, we discuss some of the potential and novel applications of nanotechnology to engineer better performing CARs to target solid TME. Moreover, we highlight potential gaps and strategies to overcome for future advancements in nano immunoengineering.
