پژوهشهای مدیریت عمومی (Aug 2021)
Factors Affecting Social Entrepreneurship and Empower Marginalized Women in Zahedan
Abstract
Extended Abstract Abstract The main purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting Women's Social Entrepreneurship In order to empower marginalized women in Zahedan. In identifying and prioritizing the factors affecting Women's Social Entrepreneurship, articles published in scientific journals were analyzed by meta-synthesis method. The statistical population of the research in the field study section includes all women living on the outskirts of Zahedan. The statistical sample of the study includes 380 people who were selected by available sampling method from the study population. In this research, descriptive and inferential statistics have been used to review and analyze the data. In the research results, 3 dimensions and 46 components affecting Women's Social Entrepreneurship was identified which includes behavioral, environmental and organizational factors. The results also showed that these factors have a significant impact on entrepreneurship development. Finally, some suggestions for improving the status of identified factors in the study population are presented. Introduction Marginalization was created after the Industrial Revolution and to this day is one of the major urban problems that have affected all cities in the world. Part of this urban population was unable to provide the necessary standards for urban life (Yaribeigi et al., 2018). In Third World countries, usually due to the existence of inclusive informal settlements (poor communities), many urban dwellers live on these outskirts, suffering from unsustainable poverty, collapsed infrastructure, and social deprivation (Naghdi et al., 2021: 251). According to report of the United Nations, the population of marginalized people will reach two billion by 2030. According to the latest World Housing Report, 43% of the urban population in developing countries lives on the outskirts of cities, compared to 54% in less developed countries (Sadeghi Seghdel et al., 2020: 104). In Iran, a significant part of immigrants to the outskirts of cities are women. In recent years, due to the importance of paying attention to the development of women's affairs, this group is one of the main target groups in the programs of marginalization and empowerment of marginalized people implemented by international organizations (Naghdi, 2011). Opportunity recognition has long been agreed as a key aspect of the entrepreneurial process. One of the most important criteria for assessing the development of countries is the rate of women's economic participation (Aramesh et al., 2021: 43). Recognizing the capabilities of women and guiding their creative talents can be effective in exploiting the capacities of this huge social stratum. In other words, identifying successful models can be useful in creating a suitable environment for the formation of entrepreneurial activities by women despite individual and environmental constraints (Navabakhsh & Zare Harafte, 2010: 2). The phenomenon of female-headed households is increasing in the world for various reasons. Most of these families have many problems, so that the increase of this group of women is a social problem (Shukuhy et al., 2018: 251).Achieving sustainable development is not possible without the active participation of women in all social and economic spheres. Emphasis is placed on empowering women to participate in the implementation of development programs and plans to promote productivity and economic and social growth. Therefore, considering the importance of the main issues that this study is trying to answer, what are the factors affecting the social entrepreneurship of marginalized women in Zahedan in order to empower women and also the current situation of factors affecting social entrepreneurship in marginalized women Is Zahedan. Materials and Methods This research is applied in terms of purpose, has a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) and in terms of data collection is descriptive survey; which has been executed in the survey section by the meta-combination method. In the first stage of this research (identifying the factors affecting social entrepreneurship) has been done with a hyper-combined qualitative method. In the second stage, the quantitative part of this research has been done in a field method with the help of a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability have been confirmed. The statistical sample of the study is 380 women who were selected based on available sampling and a questionnaire was distributed among them and the required data were collected. Discussion and Results It was found that the codes of creativity and cultural factors and protection laws and human capital and economic conditions are the most important and have the highest rankings overall. In the sense that in the field of factors affecting social entrepreneurship, these issues have been paid more attention and studied and have more reproducibility than other codes. Therefore, it can be said that it is important to pay attention to these dimensions and concepts. Based on the extracted codes and the study of previous researches, the factors affecting social entrepreneurship include behavioral, environmental and organizational factors. the results showed that in the behavioral dimension in most cases except in the components of adaptability, control and internal order, individual ownership, perceptual skills And managerial skills have a moderate effect and other components of the behavioral dimension have a significant impact on social entrepreneurship. In the environmental dimension, in most cases, except in the components of information, appropriate work environment, support of family networks and social connections and interactions have a moderate impact and other environmental components have a significant impact on social entrepreneurship. In the organizational dimension, in most cases, except in the components of development, the level of public participation, strengthening social security and having legal property rights have a moderate impact and the rest of the organizational components have a significant impact on social entrepreneurship. Conclusion According to the main purpose of the present study, which is an effective identification of social entrepreneurship from the perspective of marginalized women in Zahedan in order to empower them, a systematic study was conducted. The research records were examined by meta-combination method, which finally identified 3 dimensions and 46 components, which include: dimensions of behavioral factors, environmental factors and organizational factors. According to the concepts of entrepreneurship as well as models of entrepreneurship development, the category of entrepreneurship development is influenced by various factors that each of the experts in the field of entrepreneurship has examined them from different angles and have presented several divisions.
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