MORPHOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS OF THE GERMAN LANGUAGE (ON THE MATERIAL OF LITERARY TEXTS)

Abstract

The article examines the innovative processes in the morphological system of the German language based on the material of fiction of recent decades. There are three parts of speech defined: noun, verb and preposition, which most fully reveal the implementation of innovative processes. The origins of the formation, replenishment and development of the vocabulary are clarified, innovative forms borrowed from other languages are identified, the relationship between national and international new formations is established. The functional expediency of the new nomination, the ponderability of extra-linguistic factors are noted, the social determinism of the appearance of neologisms is clearly expressed. It has been established that today there has been a sharp rise of interest in problems of the morphology field. Attention is focused on the fact that due to constant changes in grammatical phenomena always occurs a more or less long period when both new and obsolete elements are implemented in the language. It is emphasized that the main motive for the development of new forms is the need of social reality for simplifications and for expressive-emotional vocabulary. The results of the study express an understanding of the most common trends in modern language, namely: the repeal of the ending -s in the genitive case; the process of reducing the use of the -e in colloquial speech during the word change in the dative case; the use of the forms of the dative and accusative cases of the weak singular nouns without the ending –en becomes more frequent; the plural suffix –s becomes common; nouns that were previously considered singularia tantum, but today can form the plural form, increase in number; establishing that all new verbs are weak, as well as an increase in the number of strong verbs that have moved to the category of weak. As for the use of temporal forms, the modern German language is characterized by a tendency to use the present tense instead of the future. It is a characteristic feature of spontaneous casual speech, which also affects the literary language. The process of degenitivation leads to the fact that some verbs do not need a genitive case, but are used with accusative or dative cases. The phenomenon of language economy as one of the driving forces in the process of changes in the grammatical structure of the German language is substantiated. The possibility of dual use of prepositions appears in cases where this use was incorrect previously. This area of research of morphological innovations is considered promising since it allows a deeper penetration into the understanding of the formation process of the grammatical structure of modern German.

Keywords

• neologisms
• grammatical structure
• case semantics
• inflection
• prepositional constructions