Mg<sup>2+</sup> Doping Effects on the Structural and Dielectric Properties of CaCu<sub>3</sub>Ti<sub>4</sub>O<sub>12</sub> Ceramics Obtained by Mechanochemical Synthesis
Piotr Dulian,
Wojciech Bąk,
Mateusz Piz,
Barbara Garbarz-Glos,
Olena V. Sachuk,
Krystyna Wieczorek-Ciurowa,
Agata Lisińska-Czekaj,
Dionizy Czekaj
Affiliations
Piotr Dulian
Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska St., 31-155 Cracow, Poland
Wojciech Bąk
Institute of Technology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, 2 Podchorążych St., 30-084 Kraków, Poland
Mateusz Piz
Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, al. Piastów 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland
Barbara Garbarz-Glos
Institute of Technology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, 2 Podchorążych St., 30-084 Kraków, Poland
Olena V. Sachuk
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute for Sorption and Problems of Endoecology, 13 General Naumova St., 03164 Kyiv, Ukraine
Krystyna Wieczorek-Ciurowa
Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska St., 31-155 Cracow, Poland
Agata Lisińska-Czekaj
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
Dionizy Czekaj
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
In this study, ceramic CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) and CaCu3−xMgxTi4O12 solid solutions in which 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 were prepared by the mechanochemical method, realized by a high-energy ball milling technique. The effects of the Mg2+ ion concentration and sintering time on the dielectric response in the prepared ceramics were investigated and discussed. It was demonstrated that, by the use of a sufficiently high energy of mechanochemical treatment, it is possible to produce a crystalline product after only 2 h of milling the mixture of the oxide substrates. Both the addition of magnesium ions and the longer sintering time of the mechanochemically-produced ceramics cause excessive grain growth and significantly affect the dielectric properties of the materials. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that all of the as-prepared solid solutions, CaCu3−xMgxTi4O12 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5), regardless of the sintering time, exhibit a cubic perovskite single phase. The dielectric study showed two major contributions associated with the grains and the grain boundaries. The analysis of the electric modules of these ceramics confirmed the occurrence of Maxwell–Wagner type relaxation, which is dependent on the temperature.
