Enhancing Coastal Air Navigation: eLoran 3-D Positioning and Cycle Slip Mitigation

Abstract

The rapid expansion of Advanced Air Mobility has highlighted its significant dependence on Global Navigation Satellite Systems, particularly in the maritime context. This study introduces a novel adaptation of the eLoran system, which, while traditionally utilized for 2D positioning via ground-based radio frequency signals, is now being enhanced to enable 3D position estimation. A key innovation is the development of a 3D positioning method employing a geomatrix and distance calculations specifically designed for non-line-of-sight signals, facilitating eLoran’s application in aviation and providing continuous position estimation at various elevations. In addition, this study addresses the challenge of cycle slips in aviation, which is common in dynamic flight conditions. It proposes an algorithm that considers the uncertainty of multiple error sources to effectively mitigate such problems. This approach significantly improves positional accuracy by precisely detecting and correcting cycle slips, ensuring consistent and reliable navigation in rapidly changing flight dynamics. The performance of this advanced eLoran positioning algorithm was evaluated against that of traditional commercial receivers through real-flight experiments. The findings illustrate substantial enhancements in the accuracy and reliability of the eLoran system, offering a dependable navigation alternative that lessens reliance on Global Navigation Satellite Systems and boosts safety and efficiency in maritime and coastal air travel.

Keywords

• Advanced air mobility
• alternative navigation system
• eLoran
• terrestrial navigation system