棉籽粕脱酚效果影响因素分析Influence factors of degossypolization effect of cottonseed meal

Abstract

为了降低棉籽粕中游离棉酚含量，通过实验室及生产线跟踪研究了溶剂萃取法脱酚工艺参数、脱酚方法（膨化预处理法、溶剂萃取法）、原料产地和储存时间对棉籽粕脱酚效果的影响。结果表明：工业生产中，在棉坯粉末度25%～28%、棉坯水分含量3.5%～4.5%、甲醇体积分数85%～90%、脱酚温度55 ℃左右、逆流萃取脱酚料液比（物料质量与新鲜甲醇溶剂体积比） 1∶ （0.5~0.6）条件下，棉籽粕脱酚效果较好；溶剂萃取法脱酚效果优于膨化预处理法；对于棉籽原料产地，棉酚的脱除容易程度为北疆>南疆>河北，与棉籽的粗脂肪酸值大小正好相反；棉籽储存时间越长，棉酚越难以脱除。因此，选择新鲜、粗脂肪酸值低的棉籽原料，严格控制溶剂萃取脱酚工艺参数，可以得到更低游离棉酚含量的棉籽粕。In order to reduce the content of free gossypol in cottonseed meal, the effects of solvent extraction degossypolization parameters, degossypolization methods (extruding pretreatment method, solvent extraction method), raw material origin and storage time on the degossypolization effect of cottonseed meal were studied in laboratory and workshop. The results showed that in industrial production, the degossypolization effect of cottonseed meal was better under the conditions of 25%-28% powder and 3.5%-4.5% moisture content of cottonseed flake, 85%-90% volume fraction of methanol, 55 ℃ degossypolization temperature, and ratio of material mass to solvent volume of fresh methanol 1∶ (0.5-0.6). The degossypolization effect of solvent extraction method was better than that of extruding pretreatment method. For the origin of cottonseed, the removal degree of gossypol was decreased in the order of North Xinjiang > South Xinjiang > Hebei, which was opposite to the crude fat acid value of cottonseed. The longer the storage time of cottonseed, the more difficult it was to remove gossypol. Therefore, cottonseed meal with lower free gossypol content can be obtained by selecting fresh cottonseed raw materials with low crude fat acid value and strictly controlling the process parameters of solvent extraction degossypolization.

Keywords

• 棉籽粕；棉酚；脱酚效果；料液比
• cottonseed meal; gossypol; degossypollization effect; solid-liquid ratio