Patient Preference and Adherence (Jul 2024)
Video Education and Behavior Contract to Improve Outcomes After Renal Transplantation (VECTOR): A Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
Holly Mansell,1 Nicola Rosaasen,2 Jenny Wichart,3 Patricia West-Thielke,4 David Blackburn,1 Juxin Liu,5 Rahul Mainra,6 Ahmed Shoker,6 Brianna Groot,7 Kevin Wen,8 Anita Wong,9 Bita Bateni,10 Cindy Luo,11 Paraag Trivedi12 1College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; 2Saskatchewan Transplant Program, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; 3Department of Pharmacy, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada; 4University of Illinois Health Sciences System, Chicago, IL, USA; 5Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; 6Saskatchewan Transplant Program; Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; 7Canadian Hub for Applied and Social Research, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; 8Division of Nephrology and Transplant Immunology, Department of Medicine University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; 9Department of Pharmacy, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada; 10St. Paul’s Hospital, and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; 11Vancouver General Hospital; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; 12Transplant Recipient/Patient Advisor, Regina, SK, CanadaCorrespondence: Holly Mansell, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Health Sciences Building (E3208), 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada, Email [email protected]: Sub-optimal adherence to immunosuppressant medications reduces graft survival for kidney transplant recipients and adherence-enhancing interventions are resource and time intensive. We performed a multi-center randomized controlled trial to investigate the impact of an electronically delivered intervention on adherence. Of 203 adult kidney transplant recipients who received a de novo kidney transplant n = 173 agreed to participate (intent-to-treat population) and were randomized to the intervention (video education plus behavior contract n = 91) or the control (standard education, n = 82). No significant differences were found between the groups for medication adherence measured by the Basel Assessment of Adherence to Immunosuppressive Medications Scale, intrapatient variability in tacrolimus levels, time in therapeutic range for any immunosuppressant, knowledge, self-efficacy, QOL, or hospitalizations. Among a subgroup of 64 participants randomized to the intervention group who completed a post-intervention questionnaire, two-thirds (67%, n = 43) reported watching at least 80% of the videos and 58% (n = 37) completed the electronic goal setting exercise and adherence contract. An autonomous goal setting exercise and electronic behavioural contract added to standard of care did not improve any outcomes. Our findings reiterate that nonadherence in transplantation is a difficult multifactorial problem that simple solutions will not solve. Trial registration number NCT03540121.Keywords: kidney transplant, solid organ transplant, medication adherence, immunosuppression