The tetraploid Camellia oleifera genome provides insights into evolution, agronomic traits, and genetic architecture of oil Camellia plants
Lin Zhang,
Yan Shi,
Wenfang Gong,
Guang Zhao,
Shixin Xiao,
Hai Lin,
Yanmin Li,
Zhenyang Liao,
Shengcheng Zhang,
Guanxing Hu,
Ziqi Ye,
Haifeng Wang,
Zhiqiang Xia,
Yekun Yang,
Heping Cao,
Shengjun Zhong,
Xingtan Zhang,
Deyi Yuan
Affiliations
Lin Zhang
Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Yuelu Mountain Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China; Corresponding author
Yan Shi
State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
Wenfang Gong
Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Yuelu Mountain Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
Guang Zhao
Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
Shixin Xiao
Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Yuelu Mountain Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
Hai Lin
Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
Yanmin Li
Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
Zhenyang Liao
Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
Shengcheng Zhang
Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
Guanxing Hu
Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
Ziqi Ye
Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
Haifeng Wang
State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
Zhiqiang Xia
College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
Yekun Yang
Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
Heping Cao
US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
Shengjun Zhong
Hunan Deyou Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Changsha 410004, China
Xingtan Zhang
Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China; Corresponding author
Deyi Yuan
Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Yuelu Mountain Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China; Corresponding author
Summary: Camellia oleifera is an economically important woody oil plant. Complex ploidy and lack of genomic information have seriously hindered the molecular breeding of C. oleifera. Here, we present an 11.43-Gb haplotype-resolved, chromosome-level genome assembly of tetraploid C. oleifera (COL-tetra). Methods employed in this study support the conclusion that COL-tetra is an autotetraploid and probably originates from genome doubling of the diploid C. brevistyla. In addition, DNA methylation plays a significant role in imbalanced allelic expression and seed development. Genetic divergence analyses reveal significant differentiation signals for flowering time between spring-flowering and autumn-flowering oil Camellia species, which probably account for reproductive isolation between species with distinct flowering times. Strong introgression signals are detected between COL-tetra and C. sasanqua and between C. vietnamensis and COL-hexa, which might affect the development of agronomic traits and environmental adaptability. This study provides valuable insights into the evolution, agronomic trait development, and genetic architecture of oil Camellia plants.
