Letters in High Energy Physics (Feb 2024)
The Use of Antibody Testing in Laboratory for Assessing Immune Response to Vaccination
Abstract
Antibody testing has become a crucial tool in laboratories for assessing the immune response to vaccinations. These tests measure the presence and concentration of specific antibodies in the bloodstream, which serve as biomarkers for the immune system's response to a particular pathogen or vaccine. By using assays such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) or neutralization tests, laboratories can determine the effectiveness of a vaccine by evaluating the quantity and quality of antibodies produced post-immunization. High antibody levels typically indicate a robust immune response, while low levels may suggest inadequate protection, prompting further investigation or booster vaccination. In recent years, the significance of antibody testing has been amplified, particularly in the context of emerging infectious diseases and public health initiatives. For instance, during the COVID-19 pandemic, antibody testing was employed to assess population immunity and guide vaccination strategies. Furthermore, the ability to monitor antibody levels over time allows for the evaluation of long-term immunity, informing decisions related to booster shots and vaccine development. Despite its advantages, it is essential to consider factors such as timing of the test, individual variability in immune response, and the specificity of the tests, as these can influence the interpretation of results and subsequent clinical decisions.
