Exploratory Animal and Medical Research (Dec 2023)

EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY, GC-MS AND FT-IR PROFILE OF COW URINE DISTILLATES PREPARED FROM FRESH URINE OF INDIGENOUS COW BREEDS

  • Ravi Kant Agrawal,
  • Gaurav Kumar Sharma,
  • Abhishek Verma,
  • Mithilesh Kumar Singh,
  • Suman Talukder,
  • Sunil E. Jadhav,
  • Ashish Luke,
  • R. S. Rathore,
  • A. B. Pandey,
  • S. K. Mendiratta

DOI
https://doi.org/10.52635/eamr/13.2.252-262
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 13, no. 2
pp. 252 – 262

Abstract

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The present study was undertaken to explore the antimicrobial potential of cow urine distillate (gomutra ark) against pathogenic microorganisms of medical and veterinary significance. Cow urine distillates (CUDs) were prepared from fresh cow urine of three Indian breeds viz. Sahiwal, Tharparkar, and Vrindavani. CUDs obtained from two goshalas and one commercially available CUD were also tested for antimicrobial activity for comparison. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CUD, antimicrobial activity of concentrated CUD, bacteriostatic and bactericidal potential as well as vapor phase activity were also determined. FT-IR and GC-MS analysis of the selected CUDs was performed to detect the surface functional groups and chemical composition. No antimicrobial activity was detected in the CUDs by disc diffusion and agar well diffusion methods. However, antimicrobial activity was observed in the microtitre Plate (MTP) assay as evidenced by inhibition of visible growth (turbidity) or measuring optical density (OD595). CUDs prepared from indigenous cows (Sahiwal and Tharparkar) exhibited superior antimicrobial activity compared to CUDs from crossbred cows (Vrindavani) or commercial CUDs. In general, CUDs were bactericidal for Gram-negative bacteria but bacteriostatic for Gram-positive bacteria. The MIC of CUDs was found to be in the range of 1:4 to 1:8 dilution. The concentrated CUDs exhibited a relatively lesser antimicrobial effect. CUDs exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Malassezia furfur. CUDs also exhibited antimicrobial activity in the vapor phase. FT-IR spectra of selected CUDs exhibited bending vibrations at 1633.5 cm-1 due to N-H groups resembling N-H bonding in the structure of urea and stretching vibrations at 3330. 10 cm-1 due to C-H group. GC-MS analysis of selected CUDs exhibited many compounds that may be responsible for the antimicrobial activity. The results of the study confirm the antimicrobial potential of CUD as reported in ancient literature.

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