The Astronomical Journal (Jan 2025)
Jitter Across 15 yr: Leveraging Precise Photometry from Kepler and TESS to Extract Exoplanets from Radial Velocity Time Series
- Corey Beard,
- Paul Robertson,
- Jack Lubin,
- Te Han,
- Rae Holcomb,
- Pranav Premnath,
- R. Paul Butler,
- Paul A. Dalba,
- Brad Holden,
- Cullen H. Blake,
- Scott A. Diddams,
- Arvind F. Gupta,
- Samuel Halverson,
- Daniel M. Krolikowski,
- Dan Li,
- Andrea S.J. Lin,
- Sarah E. Logsdon,
- Emily Lubar,
- Suvrath Mahadevan,
- Michael W. McElwain,
- Joe P. Ninan,
- Leonardo A. Paredes,
- Arpita Roy,
- Christian Schwab,
- Gudmundur Stefansson,
- Ryan C. Terrien,
- Jason T. Wright
Affiliations
- Corey Beard
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA ; [email protected]
- Paul Robertson
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA ; [email protected]
- Jack Lubin
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Te Han
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA ; [email protected]
- Rae Holcomb
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA ; [email protected]
- Pranav Premnath
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA ; [email protected]
- R. Paul Butler
- ORCiD
- Earth and Planets Laboratory , Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA
- Paul A. Dalba
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; SETI Institute , Carl Sagan Center, 339 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 200, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
- Brad Holden
- ORCiD
- The University of California Observatories , 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Cullen H. Blake
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , 209 S 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Scott A. Diddams
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, 390 UCB, University of Colorado , Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Arvind F. Gupta
- ORCiD
- NSF National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory , 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Samuel Halverson
- ORCiD
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Daniel M. Krolikowski
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Dan Li
- ORCiD
- NSF National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory , 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Andrea S.J. Lin
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, Penn State, University Park , PA 16802, USA; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, Penn State, University Park , PA 16802, USA
- Sarah E. Logsdon
- ORCiD
- NSF National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory , 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Emily Lubar
- ORCiD
- Aerospace Corporation , 200 N Aviation Blvd, El Segundo, CA 90245, USA
- Suvrath Mahadevan
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, Penn State, University Park , PA 16802, USA; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, Penn State, University Park , PA 16802, USA
- Michael W. McElwain
- ORCiD
- Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Joe P. Ninan
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
- Leonardo A. Paredes
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Arpita Roy
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics & Space Institute , Schmidt Sciences, New York, NY 10011, USA
- Christian Schwab
- ORCiD
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Macquarie University , Balaclava Road, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
- Gudmundur Stefansson
- ORCiD
- Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, 904 Science Park, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
- Ryan C. Terrien
- ORCiD
- Carleton College , One North College Street, Northfield, MN 55057, USA
- Jason T. Wright
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, Penn State, University Park , PA 16802, USA; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, Penn State, University Park , PA 16802, USA; Penn State Extraterrestrial Intelligence Center, 525 Davey Laboratory, Penn State, University Park , PA 16802, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad9eb0
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 169,
no. 2
p. 92
Abstract
Stellar activity contamination of radial velocity (RV) data is one of the top challenges plaguing the field of extreme-precision RV science. Previous work has shown that photometry can be very effective at removing such signals from RV data, especially stellar activity caused by rotating starspots and plage. The exact utility of photometry for removing RV activity contamination, and the best way to apply it, is not well known. We present a combination photometric and RV study of eight Kepler/K2 FGK stars with known stellar variability. We use NEID RVs acquired simultaneously with Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) photometry, and we perform injection-recovery tests to quantify the efficacy of recent TESS photometry versus archival Kepler/K2 photometry for removing stellar variability from RVs. We additionally experiment with different TESS sectors when training our models in order to quantify the real benefit of simultaneously acquired RVs and photometry. We conclude that Kepler photometry typically performs better than TESS at removing noise from RV data when it is available, likely due to longer baseline and precision. In contrast, for targets with available K2 photometry, especially those most active, and with high-precision ( σ _NEID < 1 m s ^−1 ) NEID RVs, TESS may be the more informative dataset. However, contrary to expectations, we have found that training on simultaneous photometry does not always achieve the best results.
Keywords
