Valorisation, Green Extraction Development, and Metabolomic Analysis of Wild Artichoke By-Product Using Pressurised Liquid Extraction UPLC–HRMS and Multivariate Data Analysis
Stefania Pagliari,
Ciro Cannavacciuolo,
Rita Celano,
Sonia Carabetta,
Mariateresa Russo,
Massimo Labra,
Luca Campone
Affiliations
Stefania Pagliari
Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
Ciro Cannavacciuolo
Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
Rita Celano
Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paola II 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
Sonia Carabetta
Safety and Sensoromic Laboratory (FoCuSS Lab), Department of Agriculture Science, Food Chemistry, University of Reggio Calabria, Via dell’Università 25, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
Mariateresa Russo
Safety and Sensoromic Laboratory (FoCuSS Lab), Department of Agriculture Science, Food Chemistry, University of Reggio Calabria, Via dell’Università 25, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
Massimo Labra
Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
Luca Campone
Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
Valorisation of food by-products has recently attracted considerable attention due to the opportunities to improve the economic and environmental sustainability of the food production chain. Large quantities of non-edible parts of the artichoke plant (Cynara cardunculus L.) comprising leaves, stems, roots, bracts, and seeds are discarded annually during industrial processing. These by-products contain many phytochemicals such as dietary fibres, phenolic acids, and flavonoids, whereby the most challenging issue concerns about the recovery of high-added value components from these by-products. The aim of this work is to develop a novel valorisation strategy for the sustainable utilisation of artichoke leaves’ waste, combining green pressurised-liquid extraction (PLE), spectrophotometric assays and UPLC–HRMS phytochemical characterization, to obtain bioactive-rich extract with high antioxidant capacity. Multivariate analysis of the major selected metabolites was used to compare different solvent extraction used in PLE.
