International Journal of Infectious Diseases (Feb 2025)
SARS-CoV-2 serologic surveillance among people living with HIV in Nigeria, April 2022 to January 2023
- Helen M. Chun,
- Sophia Osawe,
- Samuel Adams-Dabban,
- Jennifer Favaloro,
- Nnaemeka C. Iriemenam,
- Emilio Dirlikov,
- Diana Martin,
- Kyle Milligan,
- Andrew Abutu,
- Olumide Okunoye,
- Mary Okoli,
- Olusola Akanbi,
- Oluwaseun Akinmulero,
- Rita Okonkwo,
- Oyewole Oyedele,
- Stacie Greby,
- Alash'le Abimiku,
- McPaul I.J. Okoye,
- Ray W. Shiraishi,
- Dickson Adegoke,
- Mustapha Bello,
- Felix Villeng,
- Item Inya Item,
- Simon Gabo,
- Ado Abubakar,
- Andrew Thomas,
- Temitope Olaleye,
- Samuel Awala,
- Felicia Nwatu,
- Blessing Ugboaja,
- Ifeanyi Udoh,
- Loveth Akayi,
- Joseph Dattijo,
- Tolulope Adenekan,
- Asmau Aminu-Alhaji,
- Ijeoma Ezeuko
Affiliations
- Helen M. Chun
- Division of Global HIV & Tuberculosis, Global Health Center, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Corresponding author: Helen M. Chun, Division of Global HIV & Tuberculosis, Global Health Center, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
- Sophia Osawe
- Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
- Samuel Adams-Dabban
- Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
- Jennifer Favaloro
- Division of Global HIV & Tuberculosis, Global Health Center, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Nnaemeka C. Iriemenam
- Division of Global HIV & Tuberculosis, Global Health Center, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
- Emilio Dirlikov
- Division of Global HIV & Tuberculosis, Global Health Center, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Mozambique, Maputo, Mozambique
- Diana Martin
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Kyle Milligan
- Division of Global HIV & Tuberculosis, Global Health Center, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Peraton Inc., Herndon, Virginia, USA
- Andrew Abutu
- Division of Global HIV & Tuberculosis, Global Health Center, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
- Olumide Okunoye
- Division of Global HIV & Tuberculosis, Global Health Center, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
- Mary Okoli
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
- Olusola Akanbi
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
- Oluwaseun Akinmulero
- Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
- Rita Okonkwo
- Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
- Oyewole Oyedele
- Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
- Stacie Greby
- Division of Global HIV & Tuberculosis, Global Health Center, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
- Alash'le Abimiku
- Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
- McPaul I.J. Okoye
- Division of Global HIV & Tuberculosis, Global Health Center, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
- Ray W. Shiraishi
- Division of Global HIV & Tuberculosis, Global Health Center, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Dickson Adegoke
- Division of Global HIV & Tuberculosis, Global Health Center, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
- Mustapha Bello
- Division of Global HIV & Tuberculosis, Global Health Center, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
- Felix Villeng
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
- Item Inya Item
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
- Simon Gabo
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
- Ado Abubakar
- Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
- Andrew Thomas
- Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
- Temitope Olaleye
- Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
- Samuel Awala
- Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
- Felicia Nwatu
- Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
- Blessing Ugboaja
- Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
- Ifeanyi Udoh
- Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
- Loveth Akayi
- Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
- Joseph Dattijo
- Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
- Tolulope Adenekan
- Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
- Asmau Aminu-Alhaji
- Division of Global Health Protection, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Abuja, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
- Ijeoma Ezeuko
- Division of Global HIV & Tuberculosis, Global Health Center, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
- Journal volume & issue
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Vol. 151
p. 107309
Abstract
Objectives: Evidence indicates that people living with HIV (PLHIV) are more impacted by COVID-19. The burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection among PLHIV is unknown in Nigeria. Methods: We conducted repeated cross-sectional SARS-CoV-2 serosurveys in 14 states and the Federal Capital Territory in Nigeria among PLHIV who had an HIV viral load (VL) test during April 2022 to January 2023. Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies was assessed using a multiplex bead assay to measure IgG to spike (S), receptor binding domain (RBD), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins to identify potential infection and/or vaccination status. Results: Between April 2022 and January 2023, 47,614 remnant VL samples were included and tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, defined as IgG antibodies to spike and RBD591 [S+] and nucleocapsid [N+], (S+N+), ranged between 21.1% (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 11.4-31.8) in Ekiti State in January 2023 to 71.4% (95% CI 71.9-81.9) in Gombe State in November 2022, with overall steady trends within and between states over time, across age and sex. Conclusion: High rates of SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence among PLHIV in Nigeria were observed. This underscores the need to understand the association between HIV and SARS-CoV-2 to inform strategies to reduce the threat posed by COVID-19.
