Lattice-charge imbalance and redox catalysis over perovskite-type ferrite- and manganite-based mixed oxides as studied by XRD, FTIR, UV–Vis DRS, and XPS

Abstract

Abstract In the present investigation, two sets of pure and substituted ferrite- and manganite-based mixed oxides were prepared within the stoichiometric formula $$A_{1 - x} A^{\prime}_{x} B_{1 - x} B^{\prime}_{x} O_{3}$$ A 1 - x A x ′ B 1 - x B x ′ O 3 , where A = Bi or La, A ′ = Sr, B = Fe or Mn, B′ = Co, x = 0 or 0.2, by calcination at 700 °C (for 1 h) of corresponding metal citrate xerogels. Materials thus obtained were examined for bulk and surface characteristics using X-ray diffractometry, ex situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and N2 sorptiometry. Their redox catalytic activity was evaluated towards a 2-propanol dehydrogenation reaction in the gas phase by employing in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results obtained could help reveal that (1) the presence of Bi (versus La) and Mn (versus Fe) facilitated the formation of polymeric crystalline phases assuming lattice-charge imbalance (due to excess positive charge), (2) the surface exposure of the excess positive charge was manifested in the generation of Mn sites having various oxidation states ≥ 3+, (3) the consequent development of visible light absorptions at 498–555 nm suggested occurrence of electron double-exchange facilitated by the formation of Mnn+–O2−–Mn(n+1)+ Zener-type linkages, and (4) the exposure of such linkages at the surface warrants the establishment of the electron-mobile environment necessitated by the redox catalytic activity. Moreover, the relationship between the alcohol dehydrogenation activity and the magnitude of the lattice-charge imbalance (i.e., the net excess positive charge) of the catalysts was highlighted.