Programmed Death-Ligand 1, C-reactive Protein, and Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio as Lymphangiogenesis Markers of Metastasis in Penile Cancer – A Systematic Review

Yudiana I Wayan; Marta Stacia Novia; Sugianto Ronald; Lestari Anak Agung Wiradewi

doi:10.2478/fco-2023-0010

Forum of Clinical Oncology (Jan 2024)

Programmed Death-Ligand 1, C-reactive Protein, and Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio as Lymphangiogenesis Markers of Metastasis in Penile Cancer – A Systematic Review

Yudiana I Wayan,
Marta Stacia Novia,
Sugianto Ronald,
Lestari Anak Agung Wiradewi

Affiliations

Yudiana I Wayan: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
Marta Stacia Novia: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
Sugianto Ronald: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General-Academic Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
Lestari Anak Agung Wiradewi: Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fco-2023-0010
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 14, no. 2
pp. 25 – 34

Abstract

Read online

The spread of penile cancer cells through lymphatic vessels provides the potential for using compounds involved in lymphangiogenesis, such as programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and Ki-67, in predicting the development of lymphatic metastases in penile cancer.

Published in Forum of Clinical Oncology

ISSN: 1792-362X (Online)
Publisher: Sciendo
Country of publisher: Poland
LCC subjects: Medicine: Internal medicine: Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens
Website: https://sciendo.com/journal/FCO

About the journal

Abstract

Keywords