Systemic Metabolic Alterations Correlate with Islet-Level Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> Production and Signaling Mechanisms That Predict β-Cell Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes
Michael D. Schaid,
Yanlong Zhu,
Nicole E. Richardson,
Chinmai Patibandla,
Irene M. Ong,
Rachel J. Fenske,
Joshua C. Neuman,
Erin Guthery,
Austin Reuter,
Harpreet K. Sandhu,
Miles H. Fuller,
Elizabeth D. Cox,
Dawn B. Davis,
Brian T. Layden,
Allan R. Brasier,
Dudley W. Lamming,
Ying Ge,
Michelle E. Kimple
Affiliations
Michael D. Schaid
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
Yanlong Zhu
Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
Nicole E. Richardson
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
Chinmai Patibandla
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
Irene M. Ong
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
Rachel J. Fenske
Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
Joshua C. Neuman
Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
Erin Guthery
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
Austin Reuter
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
Harpreet K. Sandhu
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
Miles H. Fuller
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
Elizabeth D. Cox
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
Dawn B. Davis
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
Brian T. Layden
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
Allan R. Brasier
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
Dudley W. Lamming
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
Ying Ge
Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
Michelle E. Kimple
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
The transition from β-cell compensation to β-cell failure is not well understood. Previous works by our group and others have demonstrated a role for Prostaglandin EP3 receptor (EP3), encoded by the Ptger3 gene, in the loss of functional β-cell mass in Type 2 diabetes (T2D). The primary endogenous EP3 ligand is the arachidonic acid metabolite prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Expression of the pancreatic islet EP3 and PGE2 synthetic enzymes and/or PGE2 excretion itself have all been shown to be upregulated in primary mouse and human islets isolated from animals or human organ donors with established T2D compared to nondiabetic controls. In this study, we took advantage of a rare and fleeting phenotype in which a subset of Black and Tan BRachyury (BTBR) mice homozygous for the Leptinob/ob mutation—a strong genetic model of T2D—were entirely protected from fasting hyperglycemia even with equal obesity and insulin resistance as their hyperglycemic littermates. Utilizing this model, we found numerous alterations in full-body metabolic parameters in T2D-protected mice (e.g., gut microbiome composition, circulating pancreatic and incretin hormones, and markers of systemic inflammation) that correlate with improvements in EP3-mediated β-cell dysfunction.
