Experimental Studies and Numerical Simulation of Polypyrrole Trilayer Actuators

• Shuangjie Liu,
• Nirul Masurkar,
• Sundeep Varma,
• Ivan Avrutsky,
• Leela Mohana Reddy Arava

Affiliations

Shuangjie Liu

School of Equipments Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang, China

Nirul Masurkar

‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States

Sundeep Varma

§Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States

Ivan Avrutsky

§Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States

Leela Mohana Reddy Arava

‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States