Diffuse Midline Glioma H3 K27M-altered: the diagnostic challenges faced in a developing country – a case report and literature review

Abstract

The H3 K27M - altered is a recognized subtype of diffuse midline gliomas. These brain tumours primarily occur in children, but cases have been documented in young adults. They are World Health Organization Grade IV tumours, with median survival of 12 months. There is a poor response to chemoradiotherapy, and molecular testing is required for an accurate diagnosis. We report on a young female with a diffuse midline tumour, who succumbed to her illness after a period of seven months. Diagnostic challenges ensued due to the unavailability of molecular analysis locally, and the diagnosis was made post-mortem. This case aims to promote awareness of this pathology, and the need to increase local histopathological services.