Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Uropathogenic Bacteria in Pregnant Women with and without Diabetes in Kirkuk City, Iraq

Abstract

   In a cross-sectional survey conducted at Gynecological and Pediatric Hospital in Kirkuk City, Iraq. One hundred urine samples from pregnant women were collected including both diabetic and nondiabetic women, aged between 18-40 years, from July 2023 to December 2023. The results revealed that out of 100 participants, 14 were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM), 22 with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and 64 with no diabetes. However, only 35% of them exhibited bacterial growth. The recent study indicates that women with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing urinary tract infections (UTIs). Specifically, 42.9% of samples from women with diabetes (DM) and 41% of samples from women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) showed evidence of bacterial growth, compared to 31% of samples from women without diabetes. Two gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp) and two gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp) obtained. Escherichia coli was the most frequent bacteria (60%), followed by Klebsiella spp at 20%, Staphylococcus aureus (14.3%), Enterococcus spp (5.7%). The isolates showed a high susceptibility rate to levofloxacin 100%, 91.5% to nitrofurantoin ,91.4% to imipenem,88.5 % to amikacin, 85.7% to both gentamicin and ceftriaxone, respectively. Conversely,71.4%, 68.5% and 65.7% of the isolates exhibited high-level resistance towards azithromycin, amoxicillin, and ceftazidime respectively, while 37.2%, 28.5%, and 25.8% of the isolates demonstrated resistance to cefixime, ciprofloxacin, and cefoxitin respectively.

Keywords

• antibiotic
• uropathogenic bacteria
• pregnant women
• diabetes
• kirkuk city