Longitudinal assessment of anxiety and depression symptoms in U.S. adolescents across six months of the coronavirus pandemic

Abstract

Abstract Background The present study aimed to describe anxiety and depression symptoms at two timepoints during the coronavirus pandemic and evaluate demographic predictors. Methods U.S. high school students 13–19 years old completed a self-report online survey in May 2020 and November 2020-January 2021. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pediatric Depression and Anxiety short forms queried depression and anxiety symptoms. Results The final sample consisted of 694 participants (87% White, 67% female, 16.2 ± 1.1 years). Nearly 40% of participants reported a pre-pandemic depression diagnosis and 49% reported a pre-pandemic anxiety diagnosis. Negative affect, defined as both moderate to severe depression and anxiety PROMIS scores, was found in ~ 45% of participants at both timepoints. Female and other gender identities and higher community distress score were associated with more depression and anxiety symptoms. Depression symptoms T-score decreased slightly (− 1.3, p-value ≤ 0.001). Conclusion Adolescent mental health screening and treatment should be a priority as the pandemic continues to impact the lives of youth.

Keywords

• Depression
• Anxiety
• Adolescence
• Negative affect
• Mental health