The World Journal of Men's Health (Apr 2022)
A Comprehensive Guide to Sperm Recovery in Infertile Men with Retrograde Ejaculation
- Sajal Gupta,
- Rakesh Sharma,
- Ashok Agarwal,
- Neel Parekh,
- Renata Finelli,
- Rupin Shah,
- Hussein Kandil,
- Ramadan Saleh,
- Mohamed Arafa,
- Edmund Ko,
- Mara Simopoulou,
- Armand Zini,
- Osvaldo Rajmil,
- Parviz Kavoussi,
- Keerti Singh,
- Rafael F. Ambar,
- Haitham Elbardisi,
- Pallav Sengupta,
- Marlon Martinez,
- Florence Boitrelle,
- Marco G. Alves,
- Kareim Khalafalla,
- Shubhadeep Roychoudhury,
- Gian Maria Busetto,
- Jaime Gosalvez,
- Nicholas Tadros,
- Ayad Palani,
- Marcelo Gabriel Rodriguez,
- Christina Anagnostopoulou,
- Sava Micic,
- Lucia Rocco,
- Taymour Mostafa,
- Juan G. Alvarez,
- Sunil Jindal,
- Hassan Sallam,
- Israel Maldonado Rosas,
- Sheena E. M. Lewis,
- Sami AlSaid,
- Mesut Altan,
- Hyun Jun Park,
- Jonathan Ramsay,
- Sijo Parekattil,
- Marjan Sabbaghian,
- Kelton Tremellen,
- Paraskevi Vogiatzi,
- Mohammad Ali Sadighi Gilani,
- Donald P. Evenson,
- Giovanni M. Colpi
Affiliations
- Sajal Gupta
- ORCiD
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Rakesh Sharma
- ORCiD
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Ashok Agarwal
- ORCiD
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Neel Parekh
- ORCiD
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Renata Finelli
- ORCiD
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Rupin Shah
- ORCiD
- Department of Urology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Hussein Kandil
- ORCiD
- Fakih IVF Fertility Center, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Ramadan Saleh
- ORCiD
- Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
- Mohamed Arafa
- ORCiD
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Edmund Ko
- ORCiD
- Department of Urology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Mara Simopoulou
- ORCiD
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Armand Zini
- ORCiD
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Osvaldo Rajmil
- ORCiD
- Department of Andrology, Fundacio Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
- Parviz Kavoussi
- ORCiD
- Austin Fertility and Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Keerti Singh
- ORCiD
- The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
- Rafael F. Ambar
- ORCiD
- Centro Universitario em Saude do ABC/Andrology Group at Ideia Fertil Institute of Human Reproduction, Santo André, Brazil
- Haitham Elbardisi
- ORCiD
- Weill Cornell Medical-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Pallav Sengupta
- ORCiD
- MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
- Marlon Martinez
- ORCiD
- Section of Urology, University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines
- Florence Boitrelle
- ORCiD
- Reproductive Biology, Fertility Preservation, Andrology, CECOS, Poissy Hospital, Poissy, France
- Marco G. Alves
- ORCiD
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Kareim Khalafalla
- ORCiD
- Weill Cornell Medical-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Shubhadeep Roychoudhury
- ORCiD
- Assam University, Silchar, India
- Gian Maria Busetto
- ORCiD
- University of Foggia Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- Jaime Gosalvez
- ORCiD
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Nicholas Tadros
- ORCiD
- Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Ayad Palani
- ORCiD
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Garmian, Kalar, Iraq
- Marcelo Gabriel Rodriguez
- ORCiD
- Departamento Docencia e Investigación, Hospital Militar Campo de Mayo, Universidad Barcelo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Christina Anagnostopoulou
- ORCiD
- IVF Clinic “Akeso-Embryo ART”, Athens, Greece
- Sava Micic
- ORCiD
- Department of Andrology, Uromedica Polyclinic, Belgrade, Serbia
- Lucia Rocco
- ORCiD
- University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
- Taymour Mostafa
- ORCiD
- Department of Andrology, Sexology & STIs, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Juan G. Alvarez
- ORCiD
- Centro Androgen, La Coruña, Spain
- Sunil Jindal
- ORCiD
- Department of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Jindal Hospital, Meerut, India
- Hassan Sallam
- ORCiD
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
- Israel Maldonado Rosas
- ORCiD
- Center of Technological Innovation, and Reproductive Medicine (CITMER), Mexico City, Mexico
- Sheena E. M. Lewis
- ORCiD
- Examenlab Ltd., Weavers Court, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Sami AlSaid
- ORCiD
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Mesut Altan
- ORCiD
- Department of Urology, Haceppete University, Ankara, Turkey
- Hyun Jun Park
- ORCiD
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Jonathan Ramsay
- ORCiD
- Department of Andrology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Sijo Parekattil
- ORCiD
- Avant Concierge Urology & University of Central Florida, Winter Garden, FL, USA
- Marjan Sabbaghian
- ORCiD
- Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Kelton Tremellen
- ORCiD
- Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
- Paraskevi Vogiatzi
- ORCiD
- Andromed Health & Reproduction, Fertility Diagnostics Laboratory, Maroussi, Athens, Greece
- Mohammad Ali Sadighi Gilani
- ORCiD
- Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Donald P. Evenson
- ORCiD
- SCSA Diagnostics, Brookings, SD, USA
- Giovanni M. Colpi
- ORCiD
- Andrology and IVF Unit, Procrea Institute, Lugano, Switzerland
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.5534/wjmh.210069
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 40,
no. 2
pp. 208 – 216
Abstract
Retrograde ejaculation (RE) is a condition defined as the backward flow of the semen during ejaculation, and when present can result in male infertility. RE may be partial or complete, resulting in either low seminal volume or complete absence of the ejaculate (dry ejaculate). RE can result from anatomic, neurological or pharmacological conditions. The treatment approaches outlined are determined by the cause. Alkalinizing urinary pH with oral medications or by adding sperm wash media into the bladder prior to ejaculation may preserve the viability of the sperm. This article provides a step-by-step guide to diagnose RE and the optimal techniques to retrieve sperm.
Keywords
