Demographic Characteristics and Status of Vaccinated Individuals with a History of COVID-19 Infection Pre- or Post-Vaccination: A Descriptive Study of a Nationally Representative Sample in Saudi Arabia
Yazed AlRuthia,
Haya F. Al-Salloum,
Omar A. Almohammed,
Amani S. Alqahtani,
Hana A. Al-Abdulkarim,
Yousef M. Alsofayan,
Sami S. Almudarra,
Sara H. AlQahtani,
Abdullah Almutlaq,
Khaled Alabdulkareem,
Bander Balkhi,
Hamoud T. Almutairi,
Abdullah S. Alanazi,
Yousif A. Asiri
Affiliations
Yazed AlRuthia
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Haya F. Al-Salloum
Department of Pharmacy, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
Omar A. Almohammed
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Amani S. Alqahtani
Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia
Hana A. Al-Abdulkarim
Drug Policy and Economic Center, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 14812, Saudi Arabia
Yousef M. Alsofayan
Executive Directorate of Medical Affairs, Saudi Red Crescent Authority, Riyadh 11129, Saudi Arabia
Sami S. Almudarra
Gulf Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Gulf Health Council, Riyadh 12511, Saudi Arabia
Sara H. AlQahtani
Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia
Abdullah Almutlaq
Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
Khaled Alabdulkareem
Assisting Deputyship for Primary Health Care, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia
Bander Balkhi
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Hamoud T. Almutairi
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Abdullah S. Alanazi
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Skaka 42421, Saudi Arabia
Yousif A. Asiri
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Background: Saudi Arabia expedited the approval of some COVID-19 vaccines and launched mass vaccination campaigns. The aim of this study was to describe the demographics of vaccinated COVID-19 cases and compare the mortality rates of COVID-19 cases who were infected post-vaccination in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. We retrieved data for COVID-19 cases who were infected pre- or post-vaccination and had received at least one injection of the Oxford–AstraZeneca or Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine from 4 December 2020 to 15 October 2021. Results: The number of patients who were infected and had received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine was 281,744. Approximately 45% of subjects were infected post-vaccination, and 75% of subjects had received the Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine. Only 0.342% of the patients who were infected post-vaccination died, and 447 patients were admitted to ICUs. Most of the patients who were infected with COVID-19 post-vaccination and were admitted to ICUs (69.84%) had received only one dose of the vaccine (p p-value = 0.291). Patients who had received two doses of the vaccine had significantly lower odds of mortality compared to those who had received one dose (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Vaccines are vital in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this study show no difference between the Pfizer–BioNTech and Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccines in the rate of mortality. However, the number of vaccine doses was significantly associated with a lower risk of mortality. Future studies should examine the effectiveness of different COVID-19 vaccines using real-world data and more robust designs.
