Anorectal Melanoma - a Histopathological Case Report and a Review of the Literature
Kobakova Ina,
Stoyanov George,
Popov Hristo,
Spasova-Nyagulova Snezhana,
Stefanova Nadezhda,
Stoev Lyuben,
Yanulova Nevena
Affiliations
Kobakova Ina
Clinic of General and Clinical Pathology, St. Marina University Hospital, Varna, Bulgaria
Stoyanov George
Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Deontology, Faculty of Medicine, Prof. Dr. Parashkev Stoyanov Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
Popov Hristo
Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Deontology, Faculty of Medicine, Prof. Dr. Parashkev Stoyanov Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
Spasova-Nyagulova Snezhana
Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Deontology, Faculty of Medicine, Prof. Dr. Parashkev Stoyanov Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
Stefanova Nadezhda
Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Deontology, Faculty of Medicine, Prof. Dr. Parashkev Stoyanov Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
Stoev Lyuben
Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Deontology, Faculty of Medicine, Prof. Dr. Parashkev Stoyanov Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
Yanulova Nevena
Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Deontology, Faculty of Medicine, Prof. Dr. Parashkev Stoyanov Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
Primary melanomas of the anus and rectum are rare neoplasms with aggressive behavior, accounting for 0.1%-4.6% of anal canal tumors. Mucosal melanomas account for approximately 1.2% of all melanomas, of which fewer than 25% are anorectal. Histological evaluation with immunohistochemical stains like HMB-45, S-100, vimentin and Melan A is required for definitive diagnosis. The 5-year survival rate for anorectal melanomas (AM) was reported to be as low as < 20%, in contrast to the value of approximately 80% for cutaneous melanomas. Furthermore, up to 67% of patients are found to have distant metastases at the time of their initial diagnosis with AM. Since the chemotherapy treatment possibilities are limited, patients usually undergo mutation detection tests giving the opportunity of targeted therapy. Herein we report a case of a patient with anorectal melanoma, diagnosed in stage II and the pathomorphological and mutation status finding, together with their correlation to tumor behavior and patient prognosis.
