Literary Arts (May 2016)
Imagination persistence on the vertical axis of Khaghani's odes, a personal style
Abstract
AbstractKhaghani is one of the preeminent Persian poets. He is a stylist poet. Creating exquisite, dramatic and enigmatic imaginations in the era that most of the poets tried to imitate, integrate and repeat the themes of predecessors makes his position in the poetry more clear. His poems inspired by his rich talent and his proficiency in various sciences such as medicine, astronomy, philosophy, theology, history and math are one of the most exquisite and beautiful Persian poetries.Understanding his poems seems to be difficult due to his heavy use of these sciences, as well as using specialized and strange wordings and creating out of the mind imaginations.This Shervani poet not only has created so beautiful and exquisite dramatic themes and imaginations on the horizontal axis, but also he has done same in several cases on the vertical axis of the poem. In cases the themes are felt repeated, he has uttered them masterfully and skillfully with so novel and exquisite imaginations that they are not seem repeated and keep their value. One of the most outstanding characteristics of Khaghani's personal style is imagination persistence on vertical axis of the odes.Imagination on two horizontal and vertical axes of the poet usually includes the terms such as congestion, interference and persistence. The congestion of imagination mostly takes place on the horizontal axis of the poem and resulted by involving several independence imaginations in a verse of the poem and usually leads to compression of imaginations and their interference and disparity.Poets often use congestion to demonstrate their talent and power in Poetry, while in most of the cases it has no result except for imaginations' interference and that it causes some problems for reader to reach what poet means. But, persistence means to bring several imaginations about an object, a word or a motive in several verses which indicate the talent and imagining power of the poet and his emotional and thought attachment to that object, word or motive, in a way that he does not stop to get imagination in a single verse and continue to get imagination.Imagination persistence on the vertical axis is one of the coherence factors of whole of the poetry, especially in odes which has accounted a large amount of Persian poets' work to itself after Masnavi and has more capabilities to be investigated about imagination persistence in the term of odes' number comparing with other forms of poem. Imagination persistence on the vertical axis of odes is because of two main reasons: a) the emotional and thought attachment of poet to the imagination and b) showing poetry grace and power related to making diverse imaginations about a word or motive that the matter is so significant in Khaghani's poem which it can be considered as a characteristic of his personal style. Because he wants to show that his poetry talent and power is so high that he is able to make several successive imaginations about a word or motive and it is obvious that this characteristic has distinguished Khaghani and Azerbaijani style from Khorasani style.In present study, different types of imagination are four traditional and imaginary forms i.e. two types of simile, allusion and metaphor and the imagination persistence at least should be represented in three consecutive verses and it has three different kinds. These three kinds include:1)     Imagination persistence in verses, continuously and immediately2)     Imagination persistence with a verse away 3)     Imagination persistence with two verses awayIn present study, the imagination persistence has been investigated in 15 odes of Khaghani's odes. The odes totally include 703 verses; among them 269 verses have the imagination persistence on the vertical axis of the ode. In the other words, it can be said that more than one third of these odes contain imagination persistence on the vertical axis and this significant statistic indicates that imagination persistence in Khaghani's odes can be considered as his personal style's characteristic.The statistics of verses with imagination persistence in the study which their number is1406 verses have been separated in following kinds and groups:1) Imagination persistence in verses, continuously and immediately: 161 verses2) Imagination persistence with a verse away: 73 verses3) Imagination persistence with two verses away: 15 versesReferences1.     Dashti, Ali (March of 1961). The late familiar poet, Tehran: Amir Kabir.2.     Khagani, Shervani, Afzal ad-Din Badil (2008). Poetry collection, 6th ed., Zia od-Din Sajadi (ed.), Tehran: Zavvar.3.     Shafiâee Kadkani, M. (2011). Imagery in Persian poetry, 14th ed., Tehran: Agah.4.     Shafiâee Kadkani, M. (1974). [A short introduction to the long discussion of rhetoric], Wisdom and Efforts magazine, No. 15, (Pp. 47 - 78).5.     Fotoohi, Mahmoud (2006). Imagination rhetoric, Tehran: Sohkan.Forouzanfar, Badiâ oz-Zaman (1934). Speech and rhetoric, Tehran: book publishing company.
