Scientific Reports (Mar 2021)

Bioconjugate synthesis, phytochemical analysis, and optical activity of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles for the removal of ciprofloxacin and Congo red from water

  • Muhammad Babar Taj,
  • Muneera D. F. Alkahtani,
  • Ahmad Raheel,
  • Saima Shabbir,
  • Rida Fatima,
  • Sadia Aroob,
  • Rana yahya,
  • Walla Alelwani,
  • Nadiyah Alahmadi,
  • Matokah Abualnaja,
  • Sadia Noor,
  • Raja Hammad Ahmad,
  • Heba Alshater

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84983-3
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 11, no. 1
pp. 1 – 19

Abstract

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Abstract In this paper, Jr.NiFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized first time using the leaves extract of Juglans regia via a straightforward process. The physio and phytochemical analysis of plant confirm the presence of macromolecules which function as bio-reductant and stabilize the nanoparticles. The Jr.NiFe2O4 NPs were characterized by UV–visible, FTIR spectroscopy, PXRD pattern, SEM and TGA/DTA analysis. The nanoparticles proved to be optically active having a value of indirect bandgap of energy in the range of 1.53 eV. The Jr.NiFe2O4 NPs have the ability in scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) free radicals and showed 58.01% ± 1.2% scavenging activity at 100 µg/mL concentrations. The photocatalytic degradation study of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and Congo red (CR) reveals that the highest degradation rate was acquired for CIP using pH = 3, at 254 nm, while 85% of removal rate was analysed for CR. The kinetic studies in case of CR removal followed pseudo-first-order model with thermodynamic parameters (∆G° = − 5.87 kJ mol−1 K, ΔH° = 1393.50 kJ mol−1 and ΔS° = 22.537 kJ mol−1 K) with error analysis. Overall, these data recommend an innovative inspiring application of a plant-mediated synthesis of Jr.NiFe2O4 NPs.