Dose-dependent artificial prolongation of prothrombin time by interaction between daptomycin and test reagents in patients receiving warfarin: a prospective in vivo clinical study

Abstract

Abstract Background Daptomycin has been reported to cause artificial prolongation of prothrombin time (PT) by interacting with some test reagents of PT. This prolongation was particularly prominent with high concentrations of daptomycin in vitro. However, whether this prolongation is important in clinical settings and the optimal timing to assess PT remain unclear. Methods A prospective clinical study was conducted with patients who received daptomycin for confirmed or suspected drug-resistant, gram-positive bacterial infection at a university hospital in Japan. PT at the peak and trough of daptomycin was tested using nine PT reagents. Linear regression analyses were used to examine the difference in daptomycin concentration and the relative change of PT-international normalized ratios (PT-INR). Results Thirty-five patients received daptomycin (6 mg/kg). The mean ± standard deviation of the trough and peak concentrations of daptomycin were 13.5 ± 6.3 and 55.1 ± 16.9 μg/mL, respectively. Twelve patients (34%) received warfarin. With five PT reagents, a significant proportion of participants experienced prolongation of PT-INR at the daptomycin peak concentration compared to the PT-INR at the trough, although the mean relative change was less than 10%. None of the participants clinically showed any signs of bleeding. A linear, dose-dependent prolongation of PT was observed for one reagent [unadjusted coefficient β 3.1 × 10−3/μg/mL; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3 × 10−5–6.3 × 10−3; p = 0.048]. When patients were stratified based on warfarin use, this significant linear relationship was observed in warfarin users for two PT reagents (adjusted coefficient β, 6.4 × 10−3/μg/mL; 95% CI 3.5 × 10−3–9.3 × 10−3; p < 0.001; and adjusted coefficient β, 8.3 × 10−3/μg/mL; 95% CI 4.4 × 10−3–1.2 × 10−2; p < 0.001). In non-warfarin users, this linear relationship was not observed for any PT reagents. Conclusions We found that a higher concentration of daptomycin could lead to artificial prolongation of PT-INR by interacting with some PT reagents. This change may not be clinically negligible, especially in warfarin users receiving a high dose of daptomycin. It may be better to measure PT at the trough rather than at the peak daptomycin concentration.

Keywords

• Daptomycin
• Prothrombin time
• Warfarin
• Drug resistance
• Gram-positive infections
• High dose