SpotCard: an optical mark recognition tool to improve field data collection speed and accuracy

Abstract

Abstract Background When taking photographs of plants in the field, it is often necessary to record additional information such as sample number, biological replicate number and subspecies. Manual methods of recording such information are slow, often involve laborious transcription from hand-written notes or the need to have a laptop or tablet on site, and present a risk by separating written data capture from image capture. Existing tools for field data capture focus on recording information rather than capturing pictures of plants. Results We present SpotCard, a tool comprising two macros. The first can be used to create a template for small, reusable cards for use when photographing plants. Information can be encoded on these cards in a human- and machine-readable form, allowing the user to swiftly make annotations before taking the photograph. The second part of the tool automatically reads the annotations from the image and tabulates them in a CSV file, along with picture date, time and GPS coordinates. The SpotCard also provides a convenient scale bar and coordinate location within the image for the flower itself, enabling automated measurement of floral traits such as area and perimeter. Conclusions This tool is shown to read annotations with a high degree of accuracy and at a speed greatly faster than manual transcription. It includes the ability to read the date and time of the photograph, as well as GPS location. It is an open-source ImageJ/Fiji macro and is available online. Its use requires no knowledge of the ImageJ macro coding language, and it is therefore well suited to all researchers taking pictures in the field.

Keywords

• Image analysis
• Automated analysis
• Field data collection
• ImageJ
• Fiji