Biological Responses of Oyster <i>Crassostrea gasar</i> Exposed to Different Concentrations of Biofloc
Léa Carolina de Oliveira Costa,
Andrezza Carvalho,
Mariana Holanda,
Jorge Santos,
Lucélia Borges,
Bruna Guterres,
Je Nam Junior,
Virginia Fonseca,
Larissa Muller,
Luis Romano,
Silvia Botelho,
Marcelo Pias,
Juliane Ventura,
Luís H. Poersch
Affiliations
Léa Carolina de Oliveira Costa
Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Rodovia BR 316, KM 61, Castanhal 68740970, PA, Brazil
Andrezza Carvalho
Marine Aquaculture Station, Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande—FURG, Rua do Hotel n◦2, Cassino, Rio Grande 96210030, RS, Brazil
Mariana Holanda
Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile
Jorge Santos
Marine Aquaculture Station, Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande—FURG, Rua do Hotel n◦2, Cassino, Rio Grande 96210030, RS, Brazil
Lucélia Borges
Marine Aquaculture Station, Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande—FURG, Rua do Hotel n◦2, Cassino, Rio Grande 96210030, RS, Brazil
Bruna Guterres
Marine Aquaculture Station, Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande—FURG, Rua do Hotel n◦2, Cassino, Rio Grande 96210030, RS, Brazil
Je Nam Junior
Marine Aquaculture Station, Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande—FURG, Rua do Hotel n◦2, Cassino, Rio Grande 96210030, RS, Brazil
Virginia Fonseca
Marine Aquaculture Station, Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande—FURG, Rua do Hotel n◦2, Cassino, Rio Grande 96210030, RS, Brazil
Larissa Muller
Marine Aquaculture Station, Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande—FURG, Rua do Hotel n◦2, Cassino, Rio Grande 96210030, RS, Brazil
Luis Romano
Marine Aquaculture Station, Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande—FURG, Rua do Hotel n◦2, Cassino, Rio Grande 96210030, RS, Brazil
Silvia Botelho
Marine Aquaculture Station, Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande—FURG, Rua do Hotel n◦2, Cassino, Rio Grande 96210030, RS, Brazil
Marcelo Pias
Marine Aquaculture Station, Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande—FURG, Rua do Hotel n◦2, Cassino, Rio Grande 96210030, RS, Brazil
Juliane Ventura
Marine Aquaculture Station, Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande—FURG, Rua do Hotel n◦2, Cassino, Rio Grande 96210030, RS, Brazil
Luís H. Poersch
Marine Aquaculture Station, Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande—FURG, Rua do Hotel n◦2, Cassino, Rio Grande 96210030, RS, Brazil
Oysters have the potential to be a part of more sustainable farming systems, such as multitrophic systems integrated into biofloc systems, due to their filtration activity, which enables them to act as organic consumers. However, the stress experienced by animals in a system with a high organic load can compromise their productive performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological responses of Crassostrea gasar oysters when exposed to different concentrations of total suspended solids in biofloc systems. The oysters were exposed to four different concentrations of solids for 28 days. Hall effect sensors were installed on the outside of the shells to detect the movement of the oyster valves. Also, biochemical and histological analyses were conducted to assess the biological responses of the oysters to exposure to varying levels of solids. A difference in valve opening detected by the Hall sensors was observed from the second week of culture, indicating a relationship between shell closure and higher concentrations of suspended solids present in the system. In terms of biochemical analysis, a significant increase in lipid damage was observed in treatments with medium and high levels of total suspended solids compared with the control group. Conversely, no changes were observed in the gill structure of the oysters caused by the concentrations of suspended solids in the system when compared with the control. According to the analyses of gill activity and biochemistry, it is suggested that C. gasar should be cultured with total suspended solids at less than 200 mg/L. Oysters cultivated in a biofloc system keep their shells closed when subjected to high concentrations of total suspended solids; concentrations of total suspended solids below 200 mg/L do not induce oxidative stress, changes in behavior or histological alterations in C. gasar oysters cultivated in a biofloc system.
