Evaluation and management of infectious esophagitis in immunocompromised patients and immunocompetent individuals

Abstract

Among the many causes of the inflammatory process in the esophagus, infectious diseases are becoming increasingly important due to their steady growth. Previously esophageal infections have traditionally been associated with immunodeficiency syndromes, but now in clinical practice, these disorders are becoming increasingly recognized in immunocompetent individuals. Early diagnosis of infectious esophagitis is necessary to develop effective treatment tactics, and, as a result, reduce the risk of complications and adverse outcomes of the disease. This study reviewed the most clinical relevant pathogens of infectious esophagitis, both among patients with immunodeficiency and among healthy individuals. Specific diagnostic, risk factors, clinical presentation and therapeutic features were considered depending on the immune status of patients.

Keywords

• infectious esophagitis
• herpes simplex virus
• candidiasis
• cytomegalovirus
• immunodeficiency
• dysphagia
• odynophagia
• esophageal ulcer