Multi-criteria Optimization of Motorways of the Sea in the Function of the Environment Protection: Case Study of Croatia

Abstract

The transport system causes extremely harmful consequences for society and the environment. It is manifested through the increased emission of harmful exhaust gases, traffic congestions, traffic accidents, increased level of noise, higher levels of stress and various diseases of all participants of the transport system and society in general. The implementation and modernization of intermodality through the Motorways of the Sea (MoS) as its ecological and socio-economic sustainable subsystem is the efficient way of reducing the above mentioned consequences. Further sustainable development of MoS can be observed according to the ecological and socio-economic criteria and sub-criteria set out in this paper in order to keep it in direct function of protecting the society and preserving the environment.

Keywords

• motorways of the sea
• ports
• environmental protection
• intermodality
• emissions of exhaust gases
• external costs
• sustainable development
• energy efficiency