جامعه شناسی کاربردی (Jun 2017)
The Effect of Social Capital on the Qualification of the Entrepreneurs of Science and Technology Town of Isfahan in Economic Activities
Abstract
Introduction:Entrepreneurship is a requirement, a new approach, the new economic policy in response to the realities and to the new Environment conditions, and a valuable strategy in confrontation and opposition to economic inefficiency and the prevention of negative economic phenomena, such as unemployment, lack of effective factors in Economic Development. Since entrepreneurial activity is a result of mechanisms and social interactions, the relationship between entrepreneurship and social capital has a special importance. because entrepreneurship is a socio-economic process which draws upon the social context in two distinct ways. First, entrepreneurs, as individuals, are likely to be a product of their social environment. Consequently they will be conditioned by that environment; they may perceive opportunities in a manner that is influenced by their social background and also the entrepreneurship is a social activity, in that customers and suppliers form part of the social web within which the economic elements of entrepreneurship are conducted. Hence the presence, or absence, and the form of social capital is likely to influence the nature of the business. The aim of the present investigation is to express the effect of social capital on the qualification of the entrepreneurs of Science and Technology Town of Isfahan in economic activities. The theoretical framework used in this study based on Francois model about the relationship between social capital and entrepreneurial success. According to Francois model Success of an entrepreneurial project is related to Entrepreneur and reliable contractor. Accordingly research hypotheses are: 1- The norm index has positive and significant effect on the qualification of the entrepreneurs of Science and Technology Town of Isfahan in economic activities. 2- The trust index has positive and significant effect on the qualification of the entrepreneurs of Science and Technology Town of Isfahan in economic activities. 3- The social network Index has positive and significant effect on the qualification of the entrepreneurs of Science and Technology Town of Isfahan in economic activities. Material & Methods: Our target population consisted of all companies located in Science and Technology town of Isfahan. The method of selecting participants was stratified random sampling. Therefore, in this study, the establishment of the company (based in science and technology parks and technology incubators), was intended as a distinguishing trait of the community. The Sample size, in order to test the hypotheses was 117 .The data was gathered by means of a questionnaire. The analysis was done by deductive (binomial logistic regression model) statistical method. The dependent variable was the entrepreneurial success in achieving the goals. Independent variables include investment risk, social networks, social norms and social trust that have been measured in the form of items based on the Likert scale from very high to very low. Discussion of Results & Conclusions :The results demonstrated that norm indicator had no significant effect on the qualification of the entrepreneurs of Science and Technology town of Isfahan in the economic sphere, but indicators of trust and operation of social networks, affected the qualification of the entrepreneurs in the economic sphere. In conclusion the effect of both factors on the success probability of entrepreneurs of Science and Technology town of Isfahan was positive. For more precise details of these effects, can be said that: Social networks has the most impact on the success of entrepreneurs. So that the odds ratio for this variable is 3.03 which indicates that the 0.1 unit increase in social networking, 3.03 (30.3%) will increase probability of successful entrepreneurs. Also the 0.1 unit increase in social Trust, 3.03 (30.3%) will increase probability of successful entrepreneurs.
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