Optical Devices for the Diagnosis and Management of Spinal Cord Injuries: A Review
Sonika Sharma,
Neeti Kalyani,
Taposhree Dutta,
Jesús Salvador Velázquez-González,
Ignacio Llamas-Garro,
Bora Ung,
Joan Bas,
Rakesh Dubey,
Satyendra K. Mishra
Affiliations
Sonika Sharma
Department of Physics, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
Neeti Kalyani
Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Denmark Technical University, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
Taposhree Dutta
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howarh 711103, West Bengal, India
Jesús Salvador Velázquez-González
Navigation and Positioning, Center Technologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), Avinguda Carl Friedrich Gauss, 11, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
Ignacio Llamas-Garro
Navigation and Positioning, Center Technologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), Avinguda Carl Friedrich Gauss, 11, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
Bora Ung
Electrical Engineering Department, Ecole de Technologie Superieure, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada
Joan Bas
Space and Resilient Communications and Systems (SRCOM), Center Technologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), Avinguda Carl Friedrich Gauss, 11, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
Rakesh Dubey
Institute of Physics, University of Szczecin, 70-453 Szczecin, Poland
Satyendra K. Mishra
Space and Resilient Communications and Systems (SRCOM), Center Technologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), Avinguda Carl Friedrich Gauss, 11, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
Throughout the central nervous system, the spinal cord plays a very important role, namely, transmitting sensory and motor information inwardly so that it can be processed by the brain. There are many different ways this structure can be damaged, such as through traumatic injury or surgery, such as scoliosis correction, for instance. Consequently, damage may be caused to the nervous system as a result of this. There is no doubt that optical devices such as microscopes and cameras can have a significant impact on research, diagnosis, and treatment planning for patients with spinal cord injuries (SCIs). Additionally, these technologies contribute a great deal to our understanding of these injuries, and they are also essential in enhancing the quality of life of individuals with spinal cord injuries. Through increasingly powerful, accurate, and minimally invasive technologies that have been developed over the last decade or so, several new optical devices have been introduced that are capable of improving the accuracy of SCI diagnosis and treatment and promoting a better quality of life after surgery. We aim in this paper to present a timely overview of the various research fields that have been conducted on optical devices that can be used to diagnose spinal cord injuries as well as to manage the associated health complications that affected individuals may experience.
