Experimental and numerical investigation of the yaw moment of a downwind coned wind turbine rotor

Abstract

Abstract The yaw moment of wind turbine rotors has never been in the focus of wind turbine aerodynamics. With the increasing activities in the development of support structures for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (FOWT), which passively align with the wind, the interest has shifted, as an accurate determination of the yaw moment is a crucial issue for a successful design of such power plants. A downwind coned rotor is a promising option to increase the yaw moment and therefore the self‐alignment capability of a passively yawing FOWT. Unfortunately, experimental and numerical studies on the estimation of the yaw moment of wind turbine rotors are rare. This is especially the case for downwind coned rotors. The aim of the present work is to provide reliable knowledge in this field. For this purpose, an extensive experimental and numerical study is carried out to determine the yaw moment of a downwind coned rotor. The results obtained from measurements in the wind tunnel are compared to those of simulations using a high fidelity RANS method and a blade element momentum theory (BEMT) method. BEMT is widely applied and can be considered as state of the art for predicting aerodynamic loads on FOWTs. However, the basic assumptions of BEMT do not account for a realistic influence of the skewed wake, so that the application of a correction method is necessary. In this work, the frequently used wake skew correction method based on Pitt and Peters is utilised and its influence on the calculation of the yaw moment is investigated. It is shown that this correction method yields a significant overprediction of the yaw moment in comparison to the measurements and consequently even impairs the quality of the simulation in this case. In contrast to this, the wake‐resolving RANS method is capable of reproducing the measurements with reasonable accuracy and provides valuable insight into the role of the lateral force for the measurement of the yaw moment.

Keywords

• downwind cone
• free yawing
• self‐aligning wind turbine
• wind tunnel
• wind turbine aerodynamics
• yaw moment