Poredbeno Pomorsko Pravo (Dec 2020)
Opće ograničenje odgovornosti brodara : Prešutnim prihvatom povišeni iznosi ograničenja i njihova primjena u Republici Hrvatskoj
Abstract
In Croatian: U radu se analizira pitanje primjene granica ograničenja odgovornosti brodara izmijenjenih putem postupka prešutnog prihvata (“tacit acceptance procedure“). Rad je potaknut postupkom osnivanja fonda ograničene odgovornosti koji se vodio pred Trgovačkim sudom u Splitu, a povodom nezgode koja se dogodila u Luci Ploče u kolovozu 2018. godine. U postupku se postavilo pitanje koje iznose ograničenja odgovornosti brodara treba primijeniti – iznose iz čl. 391. st. 1. toč. (2) Pomorskog zakonika, u to vrijeme usklađene s iznosima Protokola iz 1996. o izmjeni Konvencije o ograničenju odgovornosti za pomorske tražbine iz 1976. godine (Konvencija o ograničenju iz 1976.) koji je na snazi za Republiku Hrvatsku, ili prešutnim prihvatom povišene iznose iz Protokola 1996. usvojene IMO Rezolucijom iz 2012. koja je za sve države stranke Protokola iz 1996. na snazi od 8. lipnja 2015., ali u RH nije objavljena. Autorica će u radu analizirati model izmjene i dopune međunarodnih ugovora putem postupka prešutnog prihvata te odgovoriti na pitanje o obvezatnosti primjene tako usvojenih izmjena i dopuna za države stranke međunarodnih ugovora koji predviđaju takav način izmjena ili dopuna. In English: The paper gives a brief overview of the amendments to the IMO Conventions through the tacit acceptance procedure. The reason for writing this paper was the ruling of the Commercial Court in Split pertaining to the establishment of the limitation of the liability fund. The operator of the m/s “STI POPLAR“ (port of registry, flag and nationality of the Marshall Islands) sought to limit its liability for damage to port property (installation) caused by STI POPLAR at the Port of Ploče on 5 August 2018. The question arose as to what limits of liability, under Croatian law, should be applied in this case – whether the amounts prescribed by a national act or those prescribed by a relevant unification instrument which is binding for the Republic of Croatia. The operator argued that the limitation fund should be calculated according to the limits set out in Art. 391, para. 1(2) of the Croatian Maritime Code (the amounts correspond to those in the 1996 Protocol to the Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims, 1976 (LLMC). The creditors disagreed and argued that the limitation fund should be set up according to the limits under the 1996 Protocol as increased by the tacit acceptance procedure, taking into account that both the Marshall Islands and the Republic of Croatia are parties to the Protocol. The limits of liability under the 1996 Protocol as increased by the Protocol’s tacit acceptance procedure were recently raised by about 50%. The new limits, accepted under the tacit acceptance procedure, were adopted by the IMO Resolution of 2012 effective from 8 June 2015 and applied automatically in the States parties to the 1996 LLMC Protocol. Taking into account that this is a dispute with an international element, the court accepted the allegations of the creditors and approved the establishment of the limitation fund according to the new limits that came into force in June 2015 through the Protocol’s tacit amendments procedure.
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