Representation of Future Tense Semantics in Russian and German Linguocultures: Analysis of Grammatical Forms

Abstract

The linguocultural features of the representation of the grammatical future tense in the Russian and German languages are analyzed in the article. The results of a comparative analysis of grammatical forms with the semantics of the future tense are presented. The material for empirical research was the direct speech of works of art, from which examples with grammes of the future tense were extracted by the method of continuous sampling. Special attention is paid to the comparison of the grammatical forms of the future tense in Russian and German languages: in both languages there are two grammatical forms with a primary and two forms with a secondary meaning of futurality. It is noted that there is a similarity in semantics, structure and frequency between the future imperfect and future I, on the one hand, and the future perfect and futural present, on the other. The data of the historical development of grammatical forms are brought into consideration. The novelty of the research is seen in the assumption made in the work about the possible influence of the peculiarities of the cultural development of the speakers of the German and Russian languages on the discrepancies formed over time in the system of grammatical forms of futurality of these languages.

Keywords

• grammatical forms with future tense semantics
• indicative
• direct speech
• russian language
• german language