Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms: clinical perspectives

Abstract

Luana Fianchi,1 Marianna Criscuolo,1 Emiliano Fabiani,2 Giulia Falconi,2 Alessio Maria Edoardo Maraglino,1 Maria Teresa Voso,2 Livio Pagano1 1Department of Radiological Sciences, Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; 2Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy Abstract: Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MNs) are a complication of cytotoxic treatment for primary tumors and autoimmune diseases. t-MNs result from a complex interaction between individual predisposition and exposition to toxic agents. Some different biological and clinical characteristics can be recognized according to the type of anticancer drug. Compared to de novo myeloid neoplasms, prognosis of t-MN is dismal. Age and karyotype are the most important prognostic factors for t-MN, which should be treated with frontline chemotherapy treatments that are appropriate for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with similar disease characteristics. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation should be considered particularly for unfavorable karyotypes and younger patients with aggressive disease. Keywords: therapy-related myeloid neoplasm, leukemia, prognosis, secondary leukemia, secondary myelodysplastic syndrome

Keywords

• therapy-related myeloid neoplasm
• leukemia
• prognosis