Variance among Public Health Agencies’ Boil Water Guidance

Abstract

We reviewed boil water guidance from 5 public health agencies and noted differences in boil definition, duration, and elevation adjustment. Publishing evidence-based models could clarify the scientific rationale, promote consensus, and minimize likelihood of incomplete water treatment or excess use of limited fuel resources during emergencies and in backcountry settings.

Keywords

• Drinking water
• water microbiology
• disinfection
• temperature
• viruses
• bacteria