The role of chromium supplementation in cardiovascular risk factors: A comprehensive reviews of putative molecular mechanisms
Dhiaa lattef Gossa Al-Saadde,
Ali Murtaza Haider,
Arsalan Ali,
Ebraheem Abdu Musad Saleh,
Abduladheem Turki Jalil,
Furqan M. Abdulelah,
Rosario Mireya Romero-Parra,
Nahla A. Tayyib,
Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel,
Ameer S. Alkhayyat
Affiliations
Dhiaa lattef Gossa Al-Saadde
Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Basrah University Teaching Hospital, Basrah, Iraq
Ali Murtaza Haider
Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Arsalan Ali
Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Ebraheem Abdu Musad Saleh
Department of Chemistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Arts and Science, Wadi Al-Dawasir, 11991, Saudi Arabia
Abduladheem Turki Jalil
Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, 51001, Iraq; Corresponding author.
Furqan M. Abdulelah
College of Pharmacy, Al-Bayan University, Baghdad, Iraq
Rosario Mireya Romero-Parra
Department of General Studies, Universidad Continental, Lima, Peru
Nahla A. Tayyib
Faculty of Nursing, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
Catholic University of Cuenca, Azogues Campus, Ecuador; University of Palermo, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National University of Education, Azogues, Ecuador; CES University, Colombia
Ameer S. Alkhayyat
Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
In the recent years, micronutrients play an important role in improving body health with preventing and treating of chronic diseases. Chromium is one of the vital minerals involved in the regulation of insulin action. According to abundant evidences this mineral seems to be an essential factor involved in the reduction of insulin resistance and decreasing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Moreover, it has been proposed that Chromium supplementation affects mechanisms involved in blood pressure, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress. For instance, it may affect blood pressure through alteration of the renin-angiotensin system, as well as reducing the angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. Furthermore, Chromium supplementation might help reduce the coronary heart disease rates. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review regarding to the effects of Chromium supplementation on CVDs risk factors with an emphasis on possible molecular mechanisms.
