Variety and Difference as a Foundation of Episteme

Abstract

Purpose: A comparative study has been developed for the root of epistemology between positivism and Quranic principles. Methodology: I used Documentary research method with critical approach to appraise existing epistemic claims and render an alternative view. Findings: The author finds that some most important challenges in positivism such as pure empiricism, feminism, cultural and historical dilemma, and ethical points are answered in Quran. Originality/Value: the article is original because of taking epistemic approaches from Quran. With this stand point, each observation belongs to the rigid reality world and these realities are presumption of each research. Besides, varieties (difference) created by God in the world as races, folks, nations and ethnic groups are the base of episteme.

Keywords

• methodology
• positivism
• postmodernism
• qualitative and quantitative approaches.