Influence of Guar Meal from Pig Compound Feed on Productive Performance, Nitrogen Metabolism, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Gabriel Mihaila,
Mihaela Habeanu,
Nicoleta Lefter,
Anca Gheorghe,
Mihaela Dumitru,
Iuliana Marin,
Livia Vidu,
Carmen Georgeta Nicolae,
Dana Popa,
Monica Marin
Affiliations
Gabriel Mihaila
Faculty of Animal Productions Engineering and Management, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Marasti Blvd., District 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
Mihaela Habeanu
Research Station for Sericulture Baneasa, 013685 Bucharest, Romania
Nicoleta Lefter
Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology Department, National Research-Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, 077015 Balotesti, Romania
Anca Gheorghe
Research Station for Sericulture Baneasa, 013685 Bucharest, Romania
Mihaela Dumitru
Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology Department, National Research-Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, 077015 Balotesti, Romania
Iuliana Marin
Faculty of Engineering in Foreign Languages, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
Livia Vidu
Faculty of Animal Productions Engineering and Management, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Marasti Blvd., District 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
Carmen Georgeta Nicolae
Faculty of Animal Productions Engineering and Management, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Marasti Blvd., District 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
Dana Popa
Faculty of Animal Productions Engineering and Management, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Marasti Blvd., District 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
Monica Marin
Faculty of Animal Productions Engineering and Management, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Marasti Blvd., District 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) is an annual legume tolerant to drought. Guar meal (GM) is a protein- and carbohydrate-rich co-product generated after the mechanical separation of the endosperm from the germ and hull of guar seed. GM has received considerable interest in animal feed as an alternative to soybean meal (SM). In this study, we aimed to assess the nitrogen (N) balance indicators, performance, carcass traits, and main greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions resulting from enteric fermentation (E-CH4) and manure (M-CH4 and N2O). Two tests were performed: (i) a biological trial on 45 pigs (15 animals/group) and (ii) a digestibility test in metabolism cages (N = 15, 5 replicates/group). Three different diets were given to the pigs: one diet was based on 0% GM (SM diet); in the second, GM-50%, GM replaced 50% of the SM; and the third was GM-100%, in which GM fully replaced the SM. The GM and SM diets were analyzed for their proximate composition. A model based on prediction equations was used to estimate the GHGs. GM up to 10% in the diets of finishing pigs did not significantly impact growth performance or carcass traits, although a slight increase in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was observed. GM up to 10% improved N digestibility (p p p = 0.11). A highly significant impact was noted for N2O and E-CH4 (for DM, p 4, expressed as g CO2 Eq (p = 0.007), and g CO2 Eq. LU (livestock unit, p = 0.005), also reported as ADG (p = 0.024). Manure, M-CH4, was not significantly influenced. In conclusion, GM can replace up to 100% SM and is thus a valuable byproduct that does not alter animal performance and can positively impact N2O and E-CH4.
