Mìžnarodnij Endokrinologìčnij Žurnal (Mar 2021)

Aspects of hormonal testing of thyroid function in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease

  • A.G. Sazonova,
  • T.V. Mokhort,
  • N.V. Karalovich

DOI
https://doi.org/10.22141/2224-0721.17.1.2021.226428
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 17, no. 1
pp. 32 – 37

Abstract

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Background. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is known to affect the thyroid axis, including thyroid hormone metabolism. It has been established that a decrease in renal function can be combined with changes in thyroid function. Thyroid dysfunction also has implications for renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), tubular transport, electrolyte homeostasis, and glomerular structure. The purpose of the study was to determine the features of thyroid function in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and CKD and develop recommendations for hormonal testing of thyroid pathology. Materials and methods. One hundred and twenty-one patients with T1DM with CKD were divided into 3 groups: group 1 — 78 individuals with GFR ≤ 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, group 2 — 20 people receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT), group 3 — 23 patients after renal transplantation (RT) with adequate graft function (the duration of the renal transplant is 3.62 (1.47; 4.28) years). Results. In T1DM and CKD group, the diagnostic value of thyroid-stimulating hormone is reduced due to the absence of differences in its values with a decrease in T4 and T3. Free T3 is the most sensitive marker of thyroid dysfunction in CKD. Thyroid disorders in T1D and CKD patients have a non-immune genesis. T1DM patients on RRT after hemodialysis (HD) procedure have an increase in total and free T4 and free T3, consequently, monitoring of thyroid disorders should be done immediately after the HD session. The restoration of normal values of peripheral conversion index and free T3 occurs within 1–2 years after TR, depending on the duration of RRT receiving. After more than 3 post-transplantation years, there is an increase in peripheral conversion index, which characterizes the imbalance of peripheral thyroid hormones towards a decrease in free T3 with relatively stable free T4. Conclusions. Thyroid dysfunctions are typical for all stages of the pathological process in CKD in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, including patients at the terminal stage and after successful kidney transplantation. The changes in thyroid hormones are associated with the RRT experience and can potentially affect the survival of patients.

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