汽爆预处理对油莎豆组分、微观结构 及油脂提取率的影响Effects of steam explosion pretreatment on composition, microstructure and oil extraction rate of Cyperus esculentus

Abstract

旨在提高油莎豆油的提取率，对油莎豆进行不同时间的汽爆预处理，探究汽爆预处理对油莎豆的化学组分、微观结构以及油脂提取率的影响。结果显示：汽爆预处理使油莎豆的脂溶物和水溶物含量增加，纤维素、半纤维素和果胶含量减少，木质素含量增加；汽爆预处理使油莎豆细胞壁主要化学键发生断裂或修饰；汽爆（30 min）后油莎豆形状发生明显变化，细胞间裂缝变大，细胞结构破损，排列杂乱；汽爆后油莎豆的油脂提取率增至18.41%，比汽爆前(14.58%)提高26.27%。综上，汽爆破壁促进油莎豆油提取的方法是可行的。In order to improve the extraction rate of Cyperus esculentus oil, the Cyperus esculentus was pretreated with steam explosion for different time, and the effects of steam explosion pretreatment on the chemical composition, microstructure and oil extraction rate of Cyperus esculentus were explored. The results showed that steam explosion increased the contents of fat soluble matter and water soluble matter, decreased the contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin, and increased the content of lignin. The main chemical bonds of Cyperus esculentus cell wall were broken or modified by steam explosion pretreatment. After steam explosion for 30 min, the shape of Cyperus esculentus changed obviously, the cracks between the cells became larger, the cell structure was damaged, and the arrangement was disorderly. After steam explosion, the oil extraction rate of Cyperus esculentus increased to 18.41%, which was 26.27% higher than that before steam explosion (14.58%). In conclusion, the method of steam explosion for wall rupture to promote oil extraction of Cyperus esculentus is feasible.

Keywords

• 油莎豆；汽爆；细胞壁；油脂浸提
• cyperus esculentus；steam explosion；cell wall；oil extraction