Prognostic Value of Routine Biomarkers in the Early Stage of COVID-19

Abstract

Various biomarkers like certain complete blood cell count parameters and the derived ratios including neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio are commonly used to evaluate disease severity. Our study aimed to establish if baseline levels of complete blood cell count-derived biomarkers and CRP, measured before any treatment which can interfere with their values, could serve as a predictor of development of pneumonia and the need for hospitalization requiring oxygen therapy. We retrospectively analyzed the laboratory data of 200 consecutive patients without comorbidities, who denied usage of medications prior to blood analysis and visited a COVID-19 ambulance between October and December 2021. Multivariate regression analysis extracted older age, elevated CRP and lower eosinophil count as significant independent predictors of pneumonia (p = 0.003, p = 0.000, p = 0.046, respectively). Independent predictors of hospitalization were higher CRP (p = 0.000) and lower platelet count (p = 0.005). There was no significant difference in the neutrophil–lymphocyte and platelet–lymphocyte ratios between examined groups. Individual biomarkers such as platelet and eosinophil count might be better in predicting the severity of COVID-19 than the neutrophil–lymphocyte and platelet–lymphocyte ratios.

Keywords

• COVID-19
• SARS-CoV-2
• biomarker
• neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio
• CRP
• eosinophil count