SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Effectiveness in Hospitalized Patients: A Multicenter Test-Negative Case–Control Study
Ireri Thirión-Romero,
Rosario Fernández-Plata,
Midori Pérez-Kawabe,
Patricia A. Meza-Meneses,
Carlos Alberto Castro-Fuentes,
Norma E. Rivera-Martínez,
Eira Valeria Barrón-Palma,
Ana Laura Sánchez-Sandoval,
Patricia Cornejo-Juárez,
Jesús Sepúlveda-Delgado,
Darwin Stalin Torres-Erazo,
José Rogelio Pérez-Padilla
Affiliations
Ireri Thirión-Romero
Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Calz. de Tlalpan 4502, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
Rosario Fernández-Plata
Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Calz. de Tlalpan 4502, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
Midori Pérez-Kawabe
Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Calz. de Tlalpan 4502, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
Patricia A. Meza-Meneses
Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad Ixtapaluca (HRAEI), Carretera Federal México-Puebla Km. 34.5, Pueblo de Zoquiapan, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico
Carlos Alberto Castro-Fuentes
Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad Ixtapaluca (HRAEI), Carretera Federal México-Puebla Km. 34.5, Pueblo de Zoquiapan, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico
Norma E. Rivera-Martínez
Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad Oaxaca (HRAEO), C. Aldama s/n, Paraje El Tule, San Bartolo Coyotepec 71294, Oaxaca, Mexico
Eira Valeria Barrón-Palma
Hospital General de México (HGM) Eduardo Liceaga, Dr. Balmis 148, Doctores, Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
Ana Laura Sánchez-Sandoval
Hospital General de México (HGM) Eduardo Liceaga, Dr. Balmis 148, Doctores, Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
Patricia Cornejo-Juárez
Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCAN), Av. San Fernando 22, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
Jesús Sepúlveda-Delgado
Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad Ciudad Salud (HRAECS), Carretera Tapachula Puerto Madero S/N km. 15 + 200, Carretera Federal 225, Col. Los Toros, Tapachula 30830, Chiapas, Mexico
Darwin Stalin Torres-Erazo
Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad Península de Yucatán (HRAEPY), C. 20 119, Col. Altabrisa, Merida 97130, Yucatán, Mexico
José Rogelio Pérez-Padilla
Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Calz. de Tlalpan 4502, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
Background: Phase III clinical trials have documented the efficacy of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in preventing symptomatic COVID-19. Nonetheless, it is imperative to continue analyzing the clinical response to different vaccines in real-life studies. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of five different vaccines in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during the third COVID-19 outbreak in Mexico dominated by the Delta variant. Methods: A test-negative case–control study was performed in nine tertiary-care hospitals for COVID-19. We estimated odds ratios (OR) adjusted by variables related a priori with the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its severity. Results: We studied 761 subjects, 371 cases, and 390 controls with a mean age of 53 years (SD, 17 years). Overall, 51% had a complete vaccination scheme, and an incomplete scheme (one dose from a scheme of two), 14%. After adjustment for age, gender, obesity, and diabetes mellitus, we found that the effectiveness of avoiding a SARS-CoV-2 infection when hospitalized with at least one vaccination dose was 71% (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.19–0.45), that of an incomplete vaccination scheme, 67% (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.18–0.62), and that of any complete vaccination scheme, 73% (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.17–0.43). Conclusions: The SARS-CoV-2 vaccination program showed effectiveness in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients during a Delta variant outbreak.
