Variable-Frequency Pulse Width Modulation Circuits for Resonant Wireless Power Transfer

Abstract

In this paper, we develop a variable-frequency pulse width modulation (VFPWM) circuit for input control of 6.78-MHz resonant wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. The zero-voltage switching control relies on the adjustments of both duty cycle and switching frequency for the class-E amplifier used in the WPT as the power transmission unit. High-frequency pulse wave modulation integrated circuits exist, but some have insufficiently high frequency or unfavorable resolution for duty cycle tuning. The novelty of this work is the VFPWM circuit design that we put together. A voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) of radio frequency and capacitor-coupled difference amplifiers are used to simultaneously perform the frequency and duty cycle tuning required in resonant WPT applications. Different circuit topologies of VFPWM are compared analytically and numerically. The most favorable circuit topology, enabling independent control of the frequency and duty cycle, is employed in experiments. The experimental results demonstrate the validity of the novel VFPWM, which is capable of operating at 6.78-MHz and has a duty ratio adjustable from 20% to 45% of the range applicable in the resonant WPT applications.

Keywords

• wireless power transfer (WPT)
• class-E amplifier
• voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)
• variable-frequency pulse width modulation (VFPWM)
• difference amplifier