Chronic pain: good management of practical pain control strategies is associated with being older, more health activated and having better mental health

Abstract

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTIONChronic pain affects a large proportion of the adult population and people in pain need to learn how to manage it in order to maintain quality of life. AIMThis study aimed to examine how well people with long-term conditions make use of self-management strategies to control their pain, and to identify personal attributes associated with a higher degree of success. METHODSPeople with chronic pain who participated in the first phase of a longitudinal long-term conditions study in the MidCentral region made up the study sample (N=326, response rate 21%). They completed a questionnaire by mail or online, which included items on pain management, general health, patient activation, experiences with general practice and demographics. RESULTSPain control strategies were managed fairly well overall. Taking pain medication and avoiding caffeine, alcohol, heavy meals and exercise before bed were managed best, whereas sleep, relaxation breathing and remaining socially active were managed least well. A multiple regression analysis found higher scores on patient activation, self-rated overall pain management at home, mental health and older age (≥75 years) to be associated with better management. DISCUSSIONThis study identified pain control strategies that are managed well, and less well, outside of a specific intervention. Results highlight topics for discussion in consultations and identify areas where general practice could provide better self-management support, such as sleep and exercise. Better overall pain control strategy management was most strongly associated with patient activation; that is, a combination of knowledge, skills and confidence to manage health and health care that is amenable to intervention. Improving the level of activation in people with long-term conditions may enhance their use of pain control strategies.

Keywords

• Chronic pain
• self-management
• primary health care