Research Progresses of the Mechanism of Insulin Resistance in Type II Diabetes

Abstract

Insulin resistance(IR) is the most primary pathological mechanism of type II diabetes, a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Insulin transduction pathways have significant effects on IR, and they are mainly classified into two pathways: insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS- 1)/phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase (PKB) pathway and Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Resulted from various reasons such as obesity, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress, if any site in the pathway is abnormal, IR will be caused. Therapies to IR is to enhance insulin sensitization, including adiponectin, endolipid and metformin. We review the mechanisms of IR in type II diabetes.