Ameliorative impacts of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on seedling growth, physiological biomarkers, and gene expression in eight wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars under salt stress

Abstract

Highlights 1. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been proven to promote seedling growth in wheat varieties exposed to salt stress. As a result, there was enhanced root growth, longer shoot length, and improved overall health of the seedlings. 2. GABA has been shown to enhance physiological indicators (chlorophyll levels and enhanced relative water content) in wheat varieties under salt stress conditions and minimize membrane impairment, all of which indicate improved stress resistance and general plant well-being. 3. GABA therapy has been found to increase gene expression in wheat cultivars subjected to salt stress. This includes the upregulation of stress-responsive genes and the downregulation of genes associated with negative stress responses, ultimately leading to improved resilience and adaptation to harsh growing conditions. 4. The impact of GABA on seedling growth, physiological biomarkers, and gene expression can change depending on the unique wheat cultivar. Each wheat variety may show distinct reactions to GABA therapy, emphasizing the need for cultivar-specific studies and customized strategies to optimize the advantages of GABA in reducing salt stress in wheat farming.

Keywords

• GABA
• Wheat
• Photosynthesis
• Salt stress biomarkers
• Antioxidant enzymes
• Differential gene expression