Frontiers in Microbiology (Apr 2012)

Agent-based modeling approach of immune defense against spores of opportunistic human pathogenic fungi

  • Christian eTokarski,
  • Sabine eHummert,
  • Sabine eHummert,
  • Franziska eMech,
  • Marc Thilo eFigge,
  • Sebastian eGermerodt,
  • Anja eSchroeter,
  • Stefan eSchuster

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2012.00129
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 3

Abstract

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Opportunistic human pathogenic fungi like the ubiquitous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus are a majorthreat to immunocompromised patients. An impaired immune system renders the body vulnerable to inva-sive mycoses that often lead to the death of the patient. While the number of immunocompromised patientsis rising with medical progress, the process and dynamics of defence against invaded and ready to germinatefungal conidia are still insufficiently understood.Besides macrophages, neutrophil granulocytes form an important line of defence in that they clear conidia.Live imaging shows the interaction of those phagocytes and conidia as a dynamic process of touching, drag-ging and phagocytosis. To unravel strategies of phagocytes on the hunt for conidia an agent-based modelingapproach is used, implemented in NetLogo. Different modes of movement of phagocytes are tested regard-ing their clearing efficiency: random walk, short term persistence in their recent direction, chemotaxis ofchemokines excreted by conidia and communication between phagocytes.

Keywords