Progress and prospects of dental pulp stem cells in diabetes treatment

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) stands as a chronic metabolic ailment predominantly characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, stemming from either a resistance to insulin or aberrations in insulin secretion. The ensuing persistent hyperglycemia, a direct consequence of pancreatic β-cell devastation, acts as a catalyst for a myriad of complications, inclusive of extensive neuropathies. The disease has substantial prevalence and mortality rates, underscoring the gravity of its impact on public health. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are readily obtainable, and they exhibit a profound capacity for self-renewal, multi-lineage differentiation, and vigorous proliferation. Remarkably, DPSCs can differentiate into pancreatic β-cells, subsequently participate in insulin secretion and play a pivotal role in immune modulation. This has achieved notable advancements in the therapeutic domain, particularly in the treatment of chronic diseases. Furthermore, DPSCs harbor the potential to mitigate symptoms in patients afflicted with type 1 diabetes. They navigate this therapeutic pathway through mechanisms that involve suppressing autoimmunity, modulating inflammatory responses, and counteracting oxidative stress. This article meticulously reviews the biological characteristics inherent to DPSCs and explores their multifaceted therapeutic potential in addressing DM and its associated complications. Through this endeavor, the article aims to contribute to the refinement and enhancement of DM management strategies.

Keywords

• |dental pulp stem cells|diabetes mellitus|insulin|complication|immunoregulation